By Uzor David Uchechukwu.
Gum diseases, also known as periodontal diseases are a wide range of diseases that affect the gums. The most common types usually presented with are gingivitis and periodontitis. Healthy gums are characterised by their general pink colour, with no swelling or bleeding associated.
Gingivitis is the mildest and most common form of gum disease. There is accumulation of dental plaque at the junction of the gum and tooth, which results in the gums being inflamed over time, with common signs such as redness, swelling, and bleeding. There is little or no discomfort at the early stages. However, if no profession intervention is sought to reverse the condition through professional tooth cleaning and good regular oral care, the inflammation becomes uncontrolled and leads to Periodontitis.
What are the causes of gum diseases?
Gum diseases do not happen in a day; it happens over time. Below is a list of causes of gum diseases;
1. Poor Oral Hygiene Sticky film of bacteria (Plaque) that forms on the teeth if not removed by brushing and flossing, hardens into tartar irritating the gums.
2. Smoking and Tobacco Use This reduces the flow of blood to the gums, thereby weakening the body’s ability to combat infection and heal.
3. Poor Nutrition and Diet Deficiencies in Vitamin C and other nutrients weaken gum tissue, slowing down healing.
4. Medical Conditions Certain conditions and immunocompromised states such as Diabetes and Immune disorders, weaken defense against infections.
5. Medications Some drugs reduce the flow of saliva in the mouth, causing dry mouth which results in, increasing bacterial activity.
Other causes include Hormonal changes, genetics, stress etc.
Why is prevention better than treatment?
1. Less Costly – Preventive care like brushing, flossing, and routine cleanings is far cheaper than advanced treatments such as deep cleaning, gum surgery, or tooth replacement.
2. Less Painful – Early prevention helps avoid painful symptoms like swollen gums, bleeding, bad breath, loose teeth, or jawbone loss.
3. Saves Time – Daily oral hygiene and check-ups take only a few minutes, while treatment for advanced gum disease may require multiple lengthy dental visits.
4. Preserves Natural Teeth – Prevention keeps your teeth and gums strong, reducing the risk of tooth loss and the need for artificial replacements.
5. Protects Overall Health – Gum disease has been linked to systemic conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Prevention lowers the risk of these complications.
6. Better Quality of Life – Healthy gums mean fresher breath, easier chewing, and more confidence in your smile.
Simple lifestyle changes to prevent gum diseases Having considered that there are more benefits present in the prevention of gum diseases than its treatment. Below is a list of simple lifestyle changes to prevent gum disease.
1. Brush twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.
2. Floss or use interdental brushes daily to remove food and plaque between teeth.
3. Use an antibacterial mouthwash to reduce harmful bacteria.
4. Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and vitamins (especially vitamin C and calcium).
5. Limit sugary snacks and drinks that feed plaque-causing bacteria.
6. Stay hydrated to promote saliva flow, which naturally cleanses the mouth.
7. Quit smoking and avoid tobacco products, as they greatly increase gum disease risk.
8. Reduce alcohol intake, which can irritate gums and dry the mouth.
9. Manage stress, since it weakens immunity and can worsen gum health.
10. See your dentist regularly for check-ups and professional cleanings.
11. Replace your toothbrush every 3 months (or sooner if bristles fray).
Conclusion
Remember, protecting your gums doesn’t require drastic steps—it’s the small, consistent habits that make the biggest difference. By brushing and flossing daily, eating a balanced diet, and keeping up with dental check-ups, you can keep your gums strong and healthy for life. Start with one simple change today, and over time, you’ll build a routine that safeguards not just your smile, but your overall health. Your gums will thank you for every little effort.